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Mathematical Functions

This page covers mathematical operators and functions available in Rockset.

All functions accept arguments of types int and float. The return type is float, unless otherwise specified.

Note: A null argument to any mathematical function will result in a null return value

Operators

Rockset supports the basic arithmetic operators shown below on any combination of int and float values.

Operator	Description
`+ x`	positive sign
`- x`	negative sign
`x + y`	addition
`x - y`	subtraction
`x * y`	multiplication
`x / y`	division
`x % y`	modulo (remainder)

Basic Functions

ABS

ABS(x)

Returns absolute value of x. Return type is the same as input.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT ABS(5)`	`5`
`SELECT ABS(-5)`	`5`
`SELECT ABS(0)`	`0`
`SELECT ABS(null)`	`null`

FLOOR

FLOOR(x)

Returns the largest integral value that is not greater than x.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT FLOOR(2.4)`	`2.0`
`SELECT FLOOR(2.6)`	`2.0`
`SELECT FLOOR(2)`	`2.0`
`SELECT FLOOR(null)`	`null`

TRUNCATE

TRUNCATE(x)

Rounds x toward zero, returning the nearest integral value that is not larger in magnitude than x.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT TRUNCATE(2.4)`	`2.0`
`SELECT TRUNCATE(2.6)`	`2.0`
`SELECT TRUNCATE(-2.4)`	`-2.0`

TRUNC

TRUNC(x)

Alias of TRUNCATE.

CEIL

CEIL(x)

Returns the smallest integral value that is not less than x.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT CEIL(2.4)`	`3.0`
`SELECT CEIL(2.6)`	`3.0`
`SELECT CEIL(3)`	`3.0`
`SELECT CEIL(null)`	`null`

CEILING

CEILING(x)

Alias of CEIL.

ROUND

ROUND(x)

Returns the integral value that is nearest to x, with halfway cases rounded away from zero.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT ROUND(2.4)`	`2.0`
`SELECT ROUND(2.6)`	`3.0`
`SELECT ROUND(3)`	`3.0`
`SELECT ROUND(null)`	`null`

GREATEST

GREATEST(a, b, c, ...)

Returns the argument that is greater than or equal to all other arguments.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT GREATEST(1)`	`1`
`SELECT GREATEST(1, 2, 3)`	`3`
`SELECT GREATEST(1, null, 3)`	`null`

LEAST

LEAST(a, b, c, ...)

Returns the argument that is less than or equal to all other arguments.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT LEAST(1)`	`1`
`SELECT LEAST(1, 2, 3)`	`1`
`SELECT LEAST(1, null, 3)`	`null`

SIGN

SIGN(x)

Returns sign of x as an integer: -1 if x is negative, 0 if x is zero, 1 if x is positive.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT SIGN(5)`	`1`
`SELECT SIGN(-5)`	`-1`
`SELECT SIGN(0)`	`0`
`SELECT SIGN(null)`	`null`

RAND

RAND()

Returns a pseudo-random value in the range [0.0, 1.0).

SQL command	Result
`SELECT RAND()`	`0.08367730533758584`
`SELECT RAND()`	`0.20026947414188864`
`SELECT RAND()`	`0.5600549036289146`

IS_NAN

IS_NAN(x)

Returns true if the input is a floating point Not-A-Number, for instance, due to dividing zero by zero or taking the square root of a negative number. Non-numeric inputs yield null.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT IS_NAN(CAST('NaN' as FLOAT))`	`true`
`SELECT IS_NAN(1.0)`	`false`

FROM_BASE

FROM_BASE(string, base)

Returns the value of string interpreted as a number in base.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT FROM_BASE('101', 2)`	`5`
`SELECT FROM_BASE('ab', 16)`	`171`
`SELECT FROM_BASE('-21', 8)`	`-17`

Log and Exponential Functions

EXP

EXP(x)

Computes e to the power of x.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT EXP(1)`	`2.718281828459045`
`SELECT EXP(0)`	`1.0`
`SELECT EXP(null)`	`null`

POW

POW(x, y)

Computes x to the power of y.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT POW(2, 5)`	`32.0`
`SELECT POW(5, 0)`	`1.0`
`SELECT POW(5, null)`	`null`

POWER

POWER(x, y)

Alias of POW.

SQRT

SQRT(x)

Computes the square root of x.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT SQRT(4)`	`2.0`
`SELECT SQRT(1)`	`1.0`
`SELECT SQRT(null)`	`null`

LN

LN(x)

Computes the natural logarithm of x.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT LN(10)`	`2.302585092994046`
`SELECT LN(EXP(5))`	`5.0`
`SELECT LN(null)`	`null`
`SELECT LN(0)`	`Error: 'division by zero'`

LOG

LOG(x)

Alias of LN.

LOG10

LOG10(x)

Computes the base-10 logarithm of x.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT LOG10(100)`	`2.0`
`SELECT LOG10(1)`	`0.0`
`SELECT LOG10(null)`	`null`
`SELECT LOG10(0)`	`Error: 'division by zero'`

LOG2

LOG2(x)

Computes the base-2 logarithm of x.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT LOG2(32)`	`5.0`
`SELECT LOG2(1)`	`0.0`
`SELECT LOG2(null)`	`null`
`SELECT LOG2(0)`	`Error: 'division by zero'`

Trigonometric Functions

ACOS

ACOS(x)

Computes the arc cosine of x.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT ACOS(0.7)`	`0.7953988301841436`

ACOSH

ACOSH(x)

Computes the inverse hyperbolic cosine of x.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT ACOSH(90)`	`5.192925985263684`

ASIN

ASIN(x)

Computes the arc sine of x.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT ASIN(0.7)`	`0.775397496610753`

ASINH

ASINH(x)

Computes the inverse hyperbolic sine of x.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT ASINH(0.7)`	`0.6526665660823557`

ATAN

ATAN(x)

Computes the arc tangent of x.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT ATAN(0.7)`	`0.6107259643892086`

ATAN2

ATAN2(y, x)

Computes the arc tangent of y / x, but with proper sign for quadrant correction. That is, correctly computes the angle θ when converting from the Cartesian coordinates (x, y) to the polar coordinates (r, θ).

SQL command	Result
`SELECT ATAN2(5, 3)`	`1.0303768265243125`

ATANH

ATANH(x)

Computes the inverse hyperbolic tangent of x.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT ATANH(0.7)`	`0.8673005276940531`

COS

COS(x)

Computes the cosine of x.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT COS(0.7)`	`0.7648421872844885`

COSH

COSH(x)

Computes the hyperbolic cosine of x.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT COSH(0.7)`	`1.255169005630943`

HYPOT

HYPOT(x, y)

Computes SQRT(x*x + y*y), that is, the length of the hypothenuse of a right-angled triangle with sides of lengths x and y. This is also the distance between the point at coordinates (x, y) and origin.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT HYPOT(3, 4)`	`5.0`

SIN

SIN(x)

Computes the sine of x.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT SIN(0.7)`	`0.644217687237691`

SINH

SINH(x)

Computes the hyperbolic sine of x.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT SINH(0.7)`	`0.7585837018395334`

TAN

TAN(x)

Computes the tangent of x.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT TAN(0.7)`	`0.8422883804630794`

TANH

TANH(x)

Computes the hyperbolic tangent of x.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT TANH(0.7)`	`0.6043677771171636`

Bitwise Functions

BIT_COUNT

BIT_COUNT(x, bits)

Count the number of bits set in x (treated as bits-bit signed integer) in 2’s complement representation.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT BIT_COUNT(15, 4)`	`4`

15 = '1111' in binary *

BITWISE_AND

BITWISE_AND(x, y)

Returns the bitwise AND of x and y in 2’s complement representation.

-- 10101 & 111 = 101

SELECT

    BITWISE_AND(37, 7)

BITWISE_OR

BITWISE_OR(x, y)

Returns the bitwise OR of x and y in 2’s complement representation.

-- 10001 | 111 = 10111

SELECT

    BITWISE_OR(33, 7)

BITWISE_NOT

BITWISE_NOT(x)

Returns the bitwise NOT of x in 2’s complement representation.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT BITWISE_NOT(4)`	`-5`

BITWISE_XOR

BITWISE_XOR(x, y)

Returns the bitwise XOR of x and y in 2’s complement representation.

SQL command	Result
`SELECT BITWISE_XOR(21, 10)`	`31`

10101 | 01010 = 11111

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